Sunday, February 10, 2013

Seven Psychological Qualifications of the Philosophical Discipline



Name of the Book:         The Hidden Teaching Beyond Yoga
Author:                           Dr. Paul Brunton
Edition:                           First Indian Edition Reprint 1986
Publisher:                       B I Publications Pvt. Ltd.
Pages:                            92 – 119


Chapter V: The Philosophical  Discipline

Seven Psychological Qualifications

1.     The Truth Above All

Strong yearning to find truth… Not many are born with such an attribute of loving truth for its own sake, for ordinarily the mind does not want to exert itself to find it. Those others who active it later in life usually do so out of the depths of agonized suffering, tragic loss or disappointment with religion or mysticism. It may also arise from personal contact with a genuine sage.

Truth demands a deep devotion before revealment. Very few want it so strongly. Most men and women may be interested in it as a hobby or for polite intellectual discussion, but stop short at permitting it to tincture their lives.

They are soon tested on this quest, anyhow. The right kind of seeker will pursue it to the end and then accept it whatever its taste, be it like poison or like nectar.

2.     Hold On and Hope On.

It will be quite natural therefore for anyone who feels such a strong truth-ward yearning to strive in consequence to possess the second qualification, which is an enduring determination to take up the quest of truth and preserve, come what may, until the goal is reached.

Defeatist moods of mind and heart will inevitably blow over him and go, but the determination to carry on with the quest must remain. Mental chameleons who change the color of their goal with every year cannot suit this path.

He must know how to continue with studies that yield no immediate fruit and how to wait for the favored moment of illumination. Time is thus a factor which must be allowed for.

3.     Think

The third required characteristic is thinking power, an intelligence sufficiently vigorous to weigh the relative importance of things or validity of statements correctly and not merely conventionally… Things are not always what they appear to be.

We must think, we must act, not for ourselves but for truth.

Philosophy cannot become intelligible without much mental effort; it is hard to follow – so hard that the effort is often like trying to walk on a logical tight-rope without losing balance...

The ultimate ideal is a mind as keen as a Toledo sword-blade that the steely thrust of its thought may effectively pierce delusions and fancies, sentiments and superstitions.

4.     Inner Detachment

Attitude of inner detachment from both the unpleasant episodes and pleasant attractions which constitute the nadir and zenith of mundane living.

Whatever misfortune the turning wheel of destiny may bring to the forefront of the student’s life, he must cultivate a hidden indifference, and whatever enjoyment or desires rule the hour he should not be so strongly attached to them that he cannot let them quickly go if need be.

His attachments create mental favoritism and thus prevent his reaching a fair impartial attitude when weighing evidence, pursuing enquiries or delivering judgment. Moreover, such a qualification is needed so that the seeker may not be drawn aside from his quest by temporary allurements.

All worldly attractions, all earthly possessions, all human relationships, all sensual pleasures as well as their objects may die or disappear tomorrow. When he sees that everything is relative and everyone is transient he will understand that they can yield only a relative and transient happiness to him at the best.

There are other minds, however, which may not be so sharp as to see the need of such an attitude and yet they will arrive at it all the same, as the outcome of certain experiences through which they have passed. In them it arises out of great suffering, bitter loss, sudden shock, unsuccessful striving or profound danger. Sorrow leads to understanding. Every tear becomes a tutor.

It does not imply ascetic running away from human life nor turning away from personal activity nor even estrangement from common enjoyments.

He who possesses it may outwardly partake of all the same routine existence of family obligations, work and pleasure as others, but deep down in his heart he will evaluate it at its true worth as being transitory and un-abiding.

He may act in the same way as others, but will not get lost in his action. The man will be as firm and matter-of-fact in his practical dealings as any business executive, but duty will motivate him more than desire.

The zest for accurate measurement by the logical mind need not displace the appreciation of charm and atmosphere by the sensitive heart; there is plenty of room in for both.

5.     Concentration, Calmness and Reverie.

Occult experiences, extraordinary visions and similar abnormal happenings will only hinder his progress in philosophy if he pays them undue attention.

The first of these points is the power to regulate the thoughts and master attention, and then to concentrate fully in any required direction.

The power to become completely absorbed in the subject in hand can then be unfolded. The meaning of such concentration is extreme attentiveness to the topic under consideration, never permitting it to lapse through laziness or fatigue.

The faculty of fixing attention at will and retaining it ultimately helps to burn a way through the hardest intellectual problems.

The second factor of philosophic importance to be sought after in the mystic discipline is equipoise – a calm, steady and even disposition of mind which will withstand shocks.

When passions rage strongly within a man, when anger flares up too frequently or when desires threaten to submerge him, he becomes unbalanced.

Essential factor is the capacity to re-orientate the attention at will from the world of concrete things to the world of abstract thoughts. Many a practical man of business or industrial affairs possesses a keen sharp mind but is yet unable to move amid abstract ideas because he can apply his attention only to concrete objects.

Every philosopher must possess these three qualities of concentration, calmness and reverie.

Composure of mental peace is an essential prelude to the undisturbed investigation of truth. The man who cannot keep conflicts and anxieties out of his mind will not be able to keep his attention uninterruptedly fixed on philosophic matters.

Excitement darkens intelligence, that sound well-balanced judgment cannot be delivered when the mind is full of wrath; but both are dismissed or disappear under the calming influence of yoga. Even if a man possesses sharp understanding he may injure its philosophic value if he uses it when he is angry. The mind must be emotionally free for study.

The mystic who unfolds reverie and calmness through meditation and stops there, intent upon enjoying the peace or ecstasy he may feel, will remain in ignorance of the supreme truth about life although he will have gone farther than others in self-knowledge. He may feel happy, but he will not be wise.

It must also be repeated that only when meditation is correctly practice is it likely to be useful for this quest or indeed any other. When wrongly done or when carried to excess it becomes a hindrance to philosophic activity, breeding fresh evils, whims and fancies which will need to be overcome and which were not formerly present. It should be practiced within suitable limits.

6.     Discipline Emotion and Purify Character

At every stage of philosophical research the student must suppress his emotions and sentiments whenever they come into sharp conflict with reason. Strong gusts of emotionalism therefore provide a barricade against which the attacks of reason are futile.

Two powerful emotions – hate and greed – are together responsible for many of the crimes in world history. The passions engendered by sex are responsible for terrible troubles.

Human desires in particular are extremely competent to seduce reason. A student may in a hypothetical case even have a sharply developed mind and yet his attachment through desire may make him favour his belief in the ultimate materiality of the physical world when all proof might point to its ultimate nature being essentially mind-stuff. The learner’s liking or disliking of certain facts or certain experiences has nothing to do with their truth or with their reality.

Wishful thinking is always pleasant but often unprofitable.

Every emotion becomes potentially dangerous when it takes upon itself the task of guiding reason instead of letting reason guide it.

Student is not asked to kill intimate emotion and destroy warm feeling; that indeed is quite impossible; he is asked only to keep them subordinate to reason and not let them when contrary to it rise to the top of his being.

Emotion is a part of man’s nature and is therefore incapable of elimination; it must be given its fit place in his life, but reason must direct its course whenever the two come into collision.

It is generally easier for men to follow this path than for woman, although Nature compensates by rendering the mystic path easier for women.

Philosophy is better suited to those who are nearing middle age than to the youthful. The younger are more quickly moved by emotion and passion than their elders, who, possessing riper, experience in unwritten discipline of life, are more level-headed.

7.     Give up the Ego

Every man who has not undergone the philosophic discipline is inclined to rate his own judgments far more highly than they merit.

It is a pathological fact that the various forms of insanity and mental disorder are rooted in the ego and all the obsessions and complexes are likewise connected with the ‘I’.

When ego becomes the centre of obsessive states we meet with minds narrowed by religious bigotry or clouded by metaphysical meandering…

Those who have the strongest personal views are the most difficult to lead the truth. Jesus said: “Except ye become as little children ye shall in no wise enter the kingdom of heaven.” It means the childlike mind and not the childish mind. It means putting aside all prejudices born from experience and all preconceptions born from earlier thought …

The student’s quest after truth begins with dependence on authority, rises to the use of logic and later of reason, progresses to the cultivation of intuition and of mystical experience, and culminates in the development of ultra mystic insight.

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Name of the Book:         The Hidden Teaching Beyond Yoga
Author:                           Dr. Paul Brunton
Edition:                           First Indian Edition Reprint 1986
Publisher:                       B I Publications Pvt. Ltd.
Pages:                            92 – 119

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